Coughs, Colds, Flu & Sore Throats: Looking After Winter Bugs at Home
Most autumn and winter coughs, colds, sore throats, and flu-like illnesses are caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not work on viral infections and will not speed up recovery or stop a virus spreading to others.
How long do common winter viruses normally last?
- Sore throat: usually improves within 7 days
- Common cold / blocked or runny nose: usually 1 to 2 weeks
- Sinus congestion / facial pressure: often 2 to 3 weeks
- Acute cough (after a viral cold): can take up to 3 weeks to fully clear
What helps most at home?
- Rest and plenty of fluids: water, warm drinks with honey and lemon (not for babies under 1 year) to soothe a tickly cough.
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen: helps ease fever, headache, muscle aches, and sore throat (check suitability with your pharmacist).
- Saline nasal drops or sprays: help clear blocked noses in both adults and children.
Where to get NHS help (without needing a GP appointment)
• Local Pharmacy (Pharmacy First): Walk into any local pharmacy for severe sore throats (aged 5+) or sinusitis (aged 12+) under Pharmacy First.
• Urgent Advice: Visit NHS.uk Coughs & Colds or contact NHS 111 (call 999 in an emergency).